In Europe during 1440 to 1450, most European texts were printed using xylography. Manuscripts not printed with wood blocks were copied by hand. During the middle of the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg made printing more mechanized. More books were able to be published at a fraction of the cost of conventional printing methods.
The reason why we know this skill is because of the people that worked so hard to perfect it and make it more efficient.
Japan
The History of Japanese Print-making
Around the 8th century in Japan, wood block printing came to Japan from China. Until the 18th century, wood block printing remained to be the primarily, convenient method.
Ukiyo-e was a popular form of printed art that is translated to "The floating world." Ukiyo-e was used as early as the 18th century to disseminate texts; for example: Buddhist scriptures.
In 1765, advancement in printing technology made it possible to produce single-sheet prints in different types of colors. Print-makers who had worked in monochrome, painted colors by hand, or only printed a few colors, gradually came to use polychrome painting. The 1st polychrome prints, or nishiki-e, were calenders made on commission for a group of wealthy patrons in Edo.
During the Edo period, wood block printing depicted the seductive courtesans and exciting kabuki actors of the urban pleasure districts. Later on, the topic expanded to include famous romantic vistas, and in the final year of the 19th century, dramatic historical events.
Print-making requires the cooperation of 4 experts: a designer, engraver, painter, and publisher. The designer is dependent on the skill and cooperation of the engraver; and the printers charged with executing ideas in their finished form. The publisher chose the theme, determined the quality of the piece of art. The publisher was often the bookseller and issued the artwork as commercial venture.
Suzuki Harunobu (1725-1770)
Suzuki Harunobu created a fashion for pictures of lyrical scenes with figures of exquisite grace.
He is believed to have studied in Kyoto with Nishikawa Sukenobu and went to Edo around the year 1760.
His work were of little distinction until he started nishiki-e in 1765 for haiku poems. His prints contained delicate coloring and graceful lines. Harunobu excelled in drawing background scenes that added a subtle mood to his prints. His prints depicted idyllic love contrasting with the shun-ga, or prints depicting erotic scenes.
Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858)
A Japanese painter and printmaker that is considered to be one of the six great masters of the Ukiya-e school.
Ando Hiroshige was the son of a fire brigade chief in Edo. He became a pupil of Utagawa Toyohiro at the 14, and studied traditional Japanese painting. His early works consisted of actor and courtesan prints that were neither original or particularly distinguished. Hiroshige's success increased when he turned to landscapes. After his success with his thirty-six "Views of Mt. Fuji", he found his own style. In 1831, Hiroshige produced his first important piece of work, a set of ten famous views of Edo. The year after, he executed "Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido Road." Hiroshige became famous for his landscape prints and continued his work until his death.
China
Around 600 years before Johannes Gutenberg created his invention of the printing press, Chinese monks used block printing. Block printing used wooden blocks coated in ink. One of the earliest books that was produced in this style is "The Diamond Sutra." Wood block printing started during the Tang dynasty, around the 8th century.
Later on, metal type was used instead of block printing. This method was used in China until at least the 18th century.
Hu Zhengyan (1580-1671)
Also known as Hu Yuecong, Hu Cheng-Yen, and Ku Yueh-Tsung. He was born in Hsiu-ning, but spent years in Nanjing. His style is rooted in the classical seal script of the Han Dynasty. He is the student of He Zhen.
A famous painter, artist, and book-man. He was excellent at seal cutting, drawing, and ink making.
He was an artist in the service of the Chinese court and considered to have invented the technique of color gradation. He had contributed to the experiment and promotion of water color block printing.
Zhang Baohua
An artist who uses his palms and fingers instead of a brush. His art style are reminiscent of traditional Chinese paintings. He is known as "China's world famous palm printing artist."
He was first inspired to create his painting style in 1989 after observing his three dogs playing outside. His painting style is considered a combination of traditional Chinese painting and structural features of Western painting.
http://beyond-calligraphy.com/event/brushless-finger-and-palm-paintings-master-zhang-baohua/
http://sealsociety.org/seal-artists/hu-zhengyan/
http://www.druckstelle.info/en/holzschnitt_china_abbildungen.aspx
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/575903/Suzuki-Harunobu
http://www.druckstelle.info/en/holzschnitt_index.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm
http://biography.yourdictionary.com/ando-hiroshige
http://www.livescience.com/43639-who-invented-the-printing-press.html
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_madeinchina/2005-06/28/content_70179.htm
http://avaxnews.net/wow/Finger_And_Palm_Print_Paintings_By_Zhang_Baohua.html
https://sites.google.com/site/thisisquitegood/art-work/palm-print-paintings
The reason why we know this skill is because of the people that worked so hard to perfect it and make it more efficient.
Japan
The History of Japanese Print-making
Around the 8th century in Japan, wood block printing came to Japan from China. Until the 18th century, wood block printing remained to be the primarily, convenient method.
Ukiyo-e was a popular form of printed art that is translated to "The floating world." Ukiyo-e was used as early as the 18th century to disseminate texts; for example: Buddhist scriptures.
In 1765, advancement in printing technology made it possible to produce single-sheet prints in different types of colors. Print-makers who had worked in monochrome, painted colors by hand, or only printed a few colors, gradually came to use polychrome painting. The 1st polychrome prints, or nishiki-e, were calenders made on commission for a group of wealthy patrons in Edo.
During the Edo period, wood block printing depicted the seductive courtesans and exciting kabuki actors of the urban pleasure districts. Later on, the topic expanded to include famous romantic vistas, and in the final year of the 19th century, dramatic historical events.
Print-making requires the cooperation of 4 experts: a designer, engraver, painter, and publisher. The designer is dependent on the skill and cooperation of the engraver; and the printers charged with executing ideas in their finished form. The publisher chose the theme, determined the quality of the piece of art. The publisher was often the bookseller and issued the artwork as commercial venture.
Suzuki Harunobu (1725-1770)
Suzuki Harunobu created a fashion for pictures of lyrical scenes with figures of exquisite grace.
He is believed to have studied in Kyoto with Nishikawa Sukenobu and went to Edo around the year 1760.
His work were of little distinction until he started nishiki-e in 1765 for haiku poems. His prints contained delicate coloring and graceful lines. Harunobu excelled in drawing background scenes that added a subtle mood to his prints. His prints depicted idyllic love contrasting with the shun-ga, or prints depicting erotic scenes.
Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858)
A Japanese painter and printmaker that is considered to be one of the six great masters of the Ukiya-e school.
Ando Hiroshige was the son of a fire brigade chief in Edo. He became a pupil of Utagawa Toyohiro at the 14, and studied traditional Japanese painting. His early works consisted of actor and courtesan prints that were neither original or particularly distinguished. Hiroshige's success increased when he turned to landscapes. After his success with his thirty-six "Views of Mt. Fuji", he found his own style. In 1831, Hiroshige produced his first important piece of work, a set of ten famous views of Edo. The year after, he executed "Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido Road." Hiroshige became famous for his landscape prints and continued his work until his death.
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| http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3857/Kambara_from_Fifty-three_Stations_on_the_Tokaido_Highway_Tokaido_Goju-san_Tsugi_no_Uchi |
 |
| http://www.theartwolf.com/landscapes/images/1833-34-hiroshige-hakone.jpg |
China
Around 600 years before Johannes Gutenberg created his invention of the printing press, Chinese monks used block printing. Block printing used wooden blocks coated in ink. One of the earliest books that was produced in this style is "The Diamond Sutra." Wood block printing started during the Tang dynasty, around the 8th century.
Later on, metal type was used instead of block printing. This method was used in China until at least the 18th century.
Hu Zhengyan (1580-1671)
Also known as Hu Yuecong, Hu Cheng-Yen, and Ku Yueh-Tsung. He was born in Hsiu-ning, but spent years in Nanjing. His style is rooted in the classical seal script of the Han Dynasty. He is the student of He Zhen.A famous painter, artist, and book-man. He was excellent at seal cutting, drawing, and ink making.
He was an artist in the service of the Chinese court and considered to have invented the technique of color gradation. He had contributed to the experiment and promotion of water color block printing.
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| http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/20220357?width=560&height=560 |
 |
| http://www.carearts.org/assets/images/imagebank/print/1955_102_114_pr.jpg |
Zhang Baohua
An artist who uses his palms and fingers instead of a brush. His art style are reminiscent of traditional Chinese paintings. He is known as "China's world famous palm printing artist."
He was first inspired to create his painting style in 1989 after observing his three dogs playing outside. His painting style is considered a combination of traditional Chinese painting and structural features of Western painting.
 |
| http://xs.cnnb.com.cn/pic/0/10/12/23/10122374_627323.jpg |
http://beyond-calligraphy.com/event/brushless-finger-and-palm-paintings-master-zhang-baohua/
http://sealsociety.org/seal-artists/hu-zhengyan/
http://www.druckstelle.info/en/holzschnitt_china_abbildungen.aspx
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/575903/Suzuki-Harunobu
http://www.druckstelle.info/en/holzschnitt_index.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm
http://biography.yourdictionary.com/ando-hiroshige
http://www.livescience.com/43639-who-invented-the-printing-press.html
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_madeinchina/2005-06/28/content_70179.htm
http://avaxnews.net/wow/Finger_And_Palm_Print_Paintings_By_Zhang_Baohua.html
https://sites.google.com/site/thisisquitegood/art-work/palm-print-paintings
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